不同饲粮氨基酸水平对泌乳母猪生产性能、血液指标及乳汁中氨基酸浓度的影响

本试验旨在研究理想氨基酸模型下,不同饲粮氨基酸水平对泌乳母猪生产性能、血液指标及乳汁中氨基酸浓度的影响.选用200头体况、分娩时间相近的长白×约克夏杂交母猪,随机分成4组,每组设50个重复,每个重复1头母猪,分别饲喂总赖氨酸水平为0.9%(试验组1)、1.0%(试验组2)、1.1%(试验组3)和1.2%(试验组4)的饲粮,并通过添加5种合成氨基酸保证4组饲粮中可消化赖氨酸:可消化缬氨酸:可消化苏氨酸:可消化含硫氨基酸:可消化色氨酸的值(100:85:66:60:19)一致.结果表明:试验组2仔猪断奶窝增重分别比试验组1和试验组4提高了4.48%和4.34%(P<0.01),仔猪平均日增重分别比试验组1和试验组4提高了5.46%和4.74%(P<0.01);试验组2背膘厚损失比试验组4多0.57 mm(P<0.05);试验组2血浆尿素氮浓度显著低于其他处理(P<0.05);试验组2血浆赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、瓜氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸(P<0.01)和亮氨酸(P<0.05)浓度均极显著或显著低于试验组4,除赖氨酸和苏氨酸浓度与试验组1差异显著(P<0.05)外,以上其他氨基酸浓度与试验组1、试验组3差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组2血浆中总氨基酸浓度显著或极显著低于其他组(P<0.05或P<0.01),乳汁中赖氨酸浓度极显著低于试验组4(P<0.01),与试验组1、试验组3差异不显著(P>0.05),且缬氨酸(P<0.05)、异亮氨酸(P<0.05)、亮氨酸(P>0.05)、丙氨酸(P>0.05)、酪氨酸(P>0.05)和谷氨酸(P>0.05)浓度以试验组2最高.由此可知,理想氨基酸模型下,泌乳母猪赖氨酸摄入量为59 g/d(饲粮赖氨酸水平为1.0%)时,能够获得最高的氨基酸利用率和最好的生产性能.     

家禽血液基因组DNA的快速提取

[目的]建立一种应用硅胶膜提取禽血DNA的新方法。[方法]应用硅胶膜法和传统的酚/氯仿法提取抗凝禽血基因组DNA,设计合成了一对2.7 kb的鸡卵清蛋白基因的引物,检测这2种方法提取的基因组DNA模板对聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增效率的影响。[结果]用硅胶膜法提取的基因组DNA产量和质量均比传统的酚/氯仿法高,将该法提取的基因组DNA作为模板能够消除抗凝剂对后续PCR反应的影响。[结论]硅胶膜法为快速提取高质量的禽血基因组DNA奠定了基础。     

滋阴益气活血组方对STZ糖尿病模型大鼠糖代谢的影响

为探讨滋阴益气活血组方对链脲佐菌素(STZ)糖尿病大鼠糖代谢的影响,用STZ尾静脉注射45 mg/kg诱导建立糖尿病大鼠模型,将符合糖尿病诊断标准的大鼠,随机分为模型对照组(n=15)和组方治疗组(n=15)。同时设立正常对照组(n=20)。组方治疗组灌胃滋阴益气活血组方水煎液10 mL/kg.d,模型对照组和正常对照组灌胃相当剂量的生理盐水,灌胃期为56 d。灌胃第14、28、42、56天眶后静脉丛采血,离心制备血清以测血糖(GLU),第56天测血清糖化血清蛋白(GSP),处死大鼠取肝脏测肝糖原的含量。用组方治疗组水煎液连续灌胃8周后,该组大鼠的体重相对于模型对照组处于上升趋势;第56天时,血糖极显著低于模型对照组(P0.01),基本接近正常水平;糖化血清蛋白含量极显著低于模型对照组(P0.01),肝糖原含量极显著高于模型对照组(P0.01)。滋阴益气活血组方能够改善和纠正糖尿病大鼠糖代谢的异常,对临床研究中药治疗糖尿病具有指导意义。     

山茱萸不同提取物降血糖作用研究

以正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠为动物模型,分别对山茱萸乙醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和乙醇提取物的降血糖作用进行研究。结果表明,山茱萸3种提取物组与模型组比较,均可显著降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖水平(P0.01)。山茱萸3种提取物组间比较,乙酸乙酯提取物组的降血糖作用最明显(P0.05)。正常小鼠对照实验表明,山茱萸3种提取物对正常小鼠的血糖无明显影响(P0.05)。本试验筛选出山茱萸乙酸乙酯提取物为山茱萸的降血糖活性成分。     

荷斯坦牛红细胞抗菌肽的纯化及活性鉴定

以荷斯坦奶牛血液为原料,制备红细胞粗提物,通过离子交换层析和反相高效液相色谱法纯化抗菌肽,用琼脂糖弥散法测定其抗菌活性。结果表明：通过离子交换层析获得的阳离子峰具有抗菌活性,通过反相高效液相色谱对阳离子峰活性分布区域进行分离,获得了8个峰,8个峰对大肠杆菌均具有活性,F1、F3、F4、F5、F6和F8对金黄色葡萄球菌具有活性,F2、F4、F5、F6和F8对白色念珠菌具有活性。因此,试验成功地从牛红细胞中分离纯化到了抗菌肽,其中,F6的抗菌谱较广和抗菌活性较好。     

Alterations of rat brain lipids in methyl mercury intoxication.

Lipid alterations due to experimental intoxication by methyl mercury were studied in rat brain. The methyl mercury was administered perorally as a hydroxide bound to bovine liver protein. The lipids were separated by thin layer chromatography and the fatty acids identified by gasliquid chromatography. The lipids studied included free fatty acids, cholesterol and the main phosphatidylesters, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.The methyl mercury treatment resulted in an increase in total brain lipids and palmitic acid (16:0) in the free fatty acid fraction. This increase is interpreted as the cellular response to compensate for the loss of membrane proteins known to take place in the brain due to methyl mercury intoxication.     

日粮膨化血粉水平对育肥鹅生产性能和消化酶活性的影响

选择300只56日龄健康无病的豁眼鹅,随机分为3组,分别在日粮中添加1.5％3.0％、4.5％的膨化血粉,每组设5个重复,每个重复20只鹅.研究不同比例膨化血粉对肥育鹅生产性能和消化酶活性的影响.结果表明:3.0％膨化血粉组的平均日增重、料肉比显著优于其余两组(P＜0.05),1.5％膨化血粉组和4.5％膨化血粉组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).平均日采食量3.0％膨化血粉组高于其余两组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性三组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).胃蛋白酶、胰腺胰蛋白酶活性3.0％膨化血粉组显著优于其余两组(P＜0.05).这表明在育肥鹅日粮中添加3％的膨化血粉最适宜.     

新城疫疫苗免疫对肉仔鸡生产性能和血液指标的影响

将480只8日龄的AA肉仔鸡随机分为4个处理,每处理6重复,每重复20只,于12日龄和28日龄各处理每只鸡分别接种不同剂量新城疫疫苗(0,4,6,8羽份),研究其对肉仔鸡生产性能及免疫后0-48 h血浆皮质酮、胰岛素、葡萄糖、总蛋白、总胆固醉、甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸水平的影响.结果表明,新城疫疫苗免疫显著降低肉仔鸡8-21日龄的体增重和饲料效率(P<0.05),但适当剂量的免疫接种(4羽份和6羽份)可明显降低2142日龄和8-42日龄的料重比;高剂量免疫接种(84份)会改变肉仔鸡神经内分泌,引发免疫应激,趋于降低生长性能,但不影响血液中代谢产物的浓度.     

Live prey first feeding regimes for short‐snouted seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus (Linnaeus, 1758) juveniles

As with many species of seahorses, Hippocampus hippocampus wild populations are being subjected to uncontrolled exploitation in their natural environment. Thus, aquaculture could contribute to satisfy the commercial demand for animals while promoting the recovery of wild stocks. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of the substituting Artemia nauplii with rotifers for first feeding seahorse juveniles. Survival, growth and biochemical composition of prey organisms and fish were studied during the feeding trial. In addition, to help the biometric study, an anaesthetic test was also carried out using clove oil. The results showed excellent survival (average 60%) in juveniles exclusively fed with Artemia, with better values than those reported previously obtained by other authors for this species. By comparison, high mortality and poor growth were observed during first feeding with seahorses fed on rotifers. This could have been related to the lower energy intake and poorer nutritional value of the rotifers. Furthermore, clove oil concentrations of 25 ppm were found to work well as an anaesthetic for seahorse juveniles. Overall, first feeding Artemia alone was found to be an efficient and simplified method for feeding young H. hippocampus fry, building the principles for their culture for ornamental or re‐stocking purposes.